/* ==========================================
	   IJBGM - PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL HOMEPAGE
	   International Journal of Business Governance
	   and Management | OJS 3.4 Default Theme
	   ========================================== */
	
	#ijbgm-home {
		--ijbgm-navy: #173653;
		--ijbgm-dark: #09283d;
		--ijbgm-gold: #c6a15b;
		--ijbgm-light: #f4f7fa;
		--ijbgm-text: #354052;
		--ijbgm-border: #e2e8ef;
	
		color: var(--ijbgm-text);
		font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
		font-size: 16px;
		line-height: 1.75;
		width: 100%;
		margin: 0 auto;
	}
	
	/* Main Hero Banner */
	
	/* =====================================
	   IJBGM - STATIC PAGE DESIGN
	   OJS 3.4 Default Theme
	   ===================================== */
	
	/* Main static page content */
	.pkp_page_index .page,
	.pkp_page_about .page,
	.pkp_structure_main .page {
		color: #354052;
		font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
		line-height: 1.8;
		font-size: 15px;
	}
	
	/* Static page headings */
	.pkp_structure_main .page h1,
	.pkp_structure_main .page h2 {
		color: #173653;
		font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
		font-weight: 700;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #e8edf2;
		padding-bottom: 12px;
		margin-top: 25px;
		margin-bottom: 18px;
	}
	
	/* Subheadings */
	.pkp_structure_main .page h3 {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 19px;
		font-weight: 700;
		margin-top: 22px;
	}
	
	/* Paragraphs */
	.pkp_structure_main .page p {
		text-align: justify;
		margin-bottom: 16px;
		line-height: 1.85;
	}
	
	/* Lists */
	.pkp_structure_main .page ul,
	.pkp_structure_main .page ol {
		padding-left: 25px;
		margin-bottom: 20px;
	}
	
	.pkp_structure_main .page li {
		margin-bottom: 9px;
		line-height: 1.75;
	}
	
	/* Links */
	.pkp_structure_main .page a {
		color: #17547e;
		text-decoration: none;
	}
	
	.pkp_structure_main .page a:hover {
		color: #a47c35;
		text-decoration: underline;
	}
	
	/* Tables */
	.pkp_structure_main .page table {
		width: 100%;
		border-collapse: collapse;
		margin: 20px 0;
	}
	
	.pkp_structure_main .page th {
		background: #173653;
		color: #ffffff;
		padding: 12px;
		text-align: left;
	}
	
	.pkp_structure_main .page td {
		border: 1px solid #e2e8ef;
		padding: 11px;
	}
	
	/* Mobile responsive */
	@media (max-width: 768px) {
		.pkp_structure_main .page {
			font-size: 14px;
		}
	
		.pkp_structure_main .page h1 {
			font-size: 25px;
		}
	
		.pkp_structure_main .page h2 {
			font-size: 22px;
		}
	
		.pkp_structure_main .page table {
			display: block;
			overflow-x: auto;
		}
	}
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero {
		background: linear-gradient(
			120deg,
			#09283d 0%,
			#173653 65%,
			#244d6c 100%
		);
		padding: 65px 45px;
		border-radius: 5px;
		margin-bottom: 35px;
		position: relative;
		overflow: hidden;
		border-bottom: 5px solid var(--ijbgm-gold);
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero-content {
		max-width: 850px;
		position: relative;
		z-index: 1;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-label {
		color: #e5c77e;
		font-size: 12px;
		font-weight: 700;
		letter-spacing: 2px;
		text-transform: uppercase;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero h1 {
		color: #ffffff;
		font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
		font-size: 36px;
		font-weight: 700;
		line-height: 1.3;
		margin: 18px 0;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero p {
		color: #e2eaf0;
		font-size: 17px;
		max-width: 750px;
		line-height: 1.8;
		margin-bottom: 28px;
	}
	
	/* Hero Buttons */
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-actions {
		display: flex;
		flex-wrap: wrap;
		gap: 14px;
		margin-top: 25px;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button,
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button-outline {
		display: inline-block;
		padding: 12px 23px;
		border-radius: 4px;
		font-size: 14px;
		font-weight: 700;
		text-decoration: none;
		transition: all 0.2s ease;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button {
		background: var(--ijbgm-gold);
		color: #102b40 !important;
		border: 1px solid var(--ijbgm-gold);
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button:hover {
		background: #e0bd78;
		color: #102b40 !important;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button-outline {
		color: #ffffff !important;
		border: 1px solid #ffffff;
		background: transparent;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button-outline:hover {
		background: #ffffff;
		color: var(--ijbgm-navy) !important;
	}
	
	/* Welcome Section */
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-intro {
		background: #ffffff;
		padding: 28px 30px;
		margin-bottom: 35px;
		border: 1px solid var(--ijbgm-border);
		border-left: 4px solid var(--ijbgm-gold);
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home h2 {
		color: var(--ijbgm-navy);
		font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
		font-size: 26px;
		font-weight: 700;
		margin: 0 0 18px;
		padding-bottom: 12px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #e8edf2;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-intro p {
		font-size: 15px;
		line-height: 1.9;
		margin: 12px 0;
		text-align: justify;
	}
	
	/* Explore Journal Section */
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-focus {
		margin-bottom: 35px;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-grid {
		display: grid;
		grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
		gap: 20px;
		margin-top: 25px;
	}
	
	/* Information Cards */
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card {
		background: #ffffff;
		border: 1px solid var(--ijbgm-border);
		border-top: 3px solid var(--ijbgm-navy);
		border-radius: 5px;
		padding: 24px;
		transition: all 0.25s ease;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card:hover {
		border-top-color: var(--ijbgm-gold);
		box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(20, 48, 72, 0.10);
		transform: translateY(-3px);
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card h3 {
		color: var(--ijbgm-navy);
		font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
		font-size: 19px;
		font-weight: 700;
		margin: 0 0 10px;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card p {
		color: #596575;
		font-size: 14px;
		line-height: 1.8;
		margin-bottom: 15px;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card a {
		color: #174d76;
		font-size: 14px;
		font-weight: 700;
		text-decoration: none;
	}
	
	#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card a:hover {
		color: #a47c35;
		text-decoration: underline;
	}
	
	/* General Link Styling */
	
	#ijbgm-home a {
		transition: color 0.2s ease;
	}
	
	/* Mobile Responsive Design */
	
	@media (max-width: 768px) {
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero {
			padding: 38px 22px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero h1 {
			font-size: 27px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero p {
			font-size: 15px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-intro {
			padding: 22px 18px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home h2 {
			font-size: 23px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-grid {
			grid-template-columns: 1fr;
			gap: 15px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-card {
			padding: 20px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-actions {
			flex-direction: column;
			align-items: stretch;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button,
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-button-outline {
			text-align: center;
		}
	}
	
	/* Small Mobile Screens */
	
	@media (max-width: 480px) {
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-hero h1 {
			font-size: 23px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-label {
			font-size: 10px;
		}
	
		#ijbgm-home .ijbgm-intro p {
			font-size: 14px;
		}
	}
	/* CSS Document */
	
	/* =====================================
	   IJBGM - JOURNAL SUMMARY STYLING
	   OJS 3.4 Default Theme
	   ===================================== */
	
	/* Journal Summary container */
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description,
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description p,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about {
		color: #354052;
		font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
		font-size: 15px;
		line-height: 1.85;
	}
	
	/* Summary headings */
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description h1,
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description h2,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about h1,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about h2 {
		color: #173653;
		font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
		font-weight: 700;
		margin-bottom: 16px;
		padding-bottom: 10px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #e8edf2;
	}
	
	/* Summary paragraphs */
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description p,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about p {
		text-align: justify;
		margin-bottom: 15px;
	}
	
	/* Summary lists */
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description ul,
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description ol,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about ul,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about ol {
		padding-left: 25px;
		margin-bottom: 18px;
	}
	
	/* Summary links */
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description a,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about a {
		color: #17547e;
		text-decoration: none;
	}
	
	.pkp_structure_main .journal-description a:hover,
	.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about a:hover {
		color: #a47c35;
		text-decoration: underline;
	}
	
	/* Mobile display */
	@media (max-width: 768px) {
		.pkp_structure_main .journal-description,
		.pkp_structure_main .homepage_about {
			font-size: 14px;
			line-height: 1.75;
		}
	}
	
	
	/* =========================================
	   IJBGM PROFESSIONAL FOOTER
	   ========================================= */
	
	.ijbgm-footer {
		background: #173653;
		color: #ffffff;
		padding: 45px 25px 20px;
		margin-top: 0;
		width: 100%;
		box-sizing: border-box;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer-inner {
		max-width: 1200px;
		margin: 0 auto;
		display: grid;
		grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
		gap: 35px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer h3 {
		color: #ffffff;
		font-size: 19px;
		margin: 0 0 15px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer h4 {
		color: #ffffff;
		font-size: 15px;
		margin: 0 0 16px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer p {
		color: #dce5ee;
		font-size: 13px;
		line-height: 1.8;
		margin: 8px 0;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer a {
		display: block;
		color: #dce5ee !important;
		text-decoration: none;
		font-size: 13px;
		margin-bottom: 11px;
		transition: color 0.2s ease;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer a:hover {
		color: #ffffff !important;
		text-decoration: underline;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer-bottom {
		max-width: 1200px;
		margin: 35px auto 0;
		padding-top: 18px;
		border-top: 1px solid #536b80;
		text-align: center;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-footer-bottom p {
		font-size: 12px;
		margin: 6px 0;
	}
	
	/* TABLET */
	
	@media (max-width: 768px) {
		.ijbgm-footer-inner {
			grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
			gap: 25px;
		}
	}
	
	/* MOBILE */
	
	@media (max-width: 480px) {
		.ijbgm-footer {
			padding: 30px 20px 18px;
		}
	
		.ijbgm-footer-inner {
			grid-template-columns: 1fr;
			gap: 22px;
		}
	}
	/* IJBGM: Full-width navy footer background */
	
	.pkp_structure_footer {
		background: #173653 !important;
		width: 100% !important;
		margin: 0 !important;
		padding-top: 0 !important;
	}
	
	/* Remove OJS / PKP footer branding */
	
	.pkp_brand_footer {
		display: none !important;
	}
	
	/* Ensure footer wrapper blends with custom footer */
	
	.pkp_structure_footer_wrapper {
		background: #173653 !important;
	}
	
	/* Remove unwanted grey background around footer */
	
	body {
		background-color: #ffffff;
	}
	
	
	/* IJBGM Quick Links Sidebar */
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links {
		background: #F3F6FA;
		border: 1px solid #DCE4ED;
		border-radius: 8px;
		padding: 18px;
		margin-bottom: 20px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links h3 {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 19px;
		font-weight: 700;
		margin: 0 0 14px;
		padding-bottom: 10px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #C6A15B;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links ul {
		list-style: none;
		padding: 0;
		margin: 0;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links li {
		margin: 0;
		padding: 10px 0;
		border-bottom: 1px solid #DCE4ED;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links li:last-child {
		border-bottom: none;
		padding-bottom: 0;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links a {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 14px;
		font-weight: 500;
		text-decoration: none;
		display: block;
		transition: color 0.2s ease;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-quick-links a:hover {
		color: #B18A43;
		text-decoration: none;
		padding-left: 4px;
	}
	
	
	/* IJBGM RESEARCH & PUBLISHING INTEGRATIONS */
	
	.ijbgm-research {
		background: #F3F6FA;
		border: 1px solid #DCE4ED;
		border-radius: 8px;
		padding: 17px;
		margin-bottom: 20px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research h3 {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 18px;
		line-height: 1.4;
		margin: 0 0 10px;
		padding-bottom: 10px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #C6A15B;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research-intro {
		color: #536477;
		font-size: 12px;
		line-height: 1.6;
		margin: 0 0 15px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research-grid {
		display: grid;
		grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
		gap: 10px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research-logo {
		background: #FFFFFF;
		border: 1px solid #E0E6ED;
		border-radius: 6px;
		min-height: 78px;
		padding: 10px 5px;
		display: flex;
		flex-direction: column;
		justify-content: center;
		align-items: center;
		gap: 7px;
		text-decoration: none !important;
		transition: all 0.2s ease;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research-logo:hover {
		border-color: #C6A15B;
		transform: translateY(-2px);
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research-logo strong {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 12px;
		text-align: center;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-crossref {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 19px;
		font-weight: 800;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-orcid {
		color: #A6CE39;
		font-size: 25px;
		font-weight: 800;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-crossmark {
		color: #B18A43;
		font-size: 25px;
		font-weight: 800;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-cc {
		color: #173653;
		border: 2px solid #173653;
		border-radius: 50%;
		width: 28px;
		height: 28px;
		text-align: center;
		line-height: 24px;
		font-size: 14px;
		font-weight: 800;
	}
	
	/* IJBGM RESEARCH INTEGRATIONS */
	
	.ijbgm-research {
		background: #F3F6FA;
		border: 1px solid #DCE4ED;
		border-radius: 8px;
		padding: 17px;
		margin-bottom: 20px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research h3 {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 18px;
		line-height: 1.4;
		margin: 0 0 10px;
		padding-bottom: 10px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #C6A15B;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-research-intro {
		color: #536477;
		font-size: 12px;
		line-height: 1.6;
		margin-bottom: 16px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-logo-category {
		margin-top: 16px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-logo-category h4 {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 13px;
		font-weight: 700;
		margin: 0 0 10px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-logo-grid {
		display: grid;
		grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
		gap: 9px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-logo-grid a {
		min-height: 72px;
		background: #FFFFFF;
		border: 1px solid #E0E6ED;
		border-radius: 6px;
		padding: 9px;
		display: flex;
		align-items: center;
		justify-content: center;
		transition: all 0.2s ease;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-logo-grid a:hover {
		border-color: #C6A15B;
		transform: translateY(-2px);
	}
	
	.ijbgm-logo-grid img {
		display: block;
		max-width: 100%;
		max-height: 52px;
		width: auto;
		height: auto;
		object-fit: contain;
	}
	
	@media (max-width: 600px) {
		.ijbgm-research {
			padding: 14px;
		}
	
		.ijbgm-logo-grid {
			gap: 7px;
		}
	}
	
	
	/* IJBGM ABSTRACTING & INDEXING */
	
	.ijbgm-indexing {
		background: #F3F6FA;
		border: 1px solid #DCE4ED;
		border-radius: 8px;
		padding: 17px;
		margin-bottom: 20px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-indexing h3 {
		color: #173653;
		font-size: 18px;
		line-height: 1.4;
		margin: 0 0 12px;
		padding-bottom: 10px;
		border-bottom: 2px solid #C6A15B;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-indexing p {
		color: #536477;
		font-size: 13px;
		line-height: 1.7;
		margin: 0 0 12px;
	}
	
	.ijbgm-indexing p:last-child {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}
	
	/* IJBGM Official Crossmark Button */
	.obj_article_details .ijbgm-crossmark {
		margin: 12px 0 18px;
		display: block;
	}
	
	.obj_article_details .ijbgm-crossmark img {
		width: 150px !important;
		max-width: 150px !important;
		height: auto !important;
		display: block;
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	/* IJBGM - Compact Sidebar Block Spacing */
	
	.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block {
		margin-bottom: 12px !important;
		padding-bottom: 0 !important;
	}
	
	.pkp_structure_sidebar .ijbgm-quick-links,
	.pkp_structure_sidebar .ijbgm-research,
	.pkp_structure_sidebar .ijbgm-indexing {
		margin-bottom: 0 !important;
	}
	
	/* Remove extra spacing between sidebar blocks */
	.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block + .pkp_block {
		margin-top: 0 !important;
	}
	
	/* IJBGM Article Title - OJS 3.4 */
	
	.obj_article_details h1.page_title,
	.obj_article_details .page_title {
		display: block !important;
		width: 100% !important;
		max-width: 100% !important;
		box-sizing: border-box !important;
		white-space: normal !important;
		overflow-wrap: break-word !important;
		word-wrap: break-word !important;
		font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
		font-size: 30px;
		line-height: 1.3;
		color: #173653;
	}
	
	/* Mobile */
	@media (max-width: 768px) {
		.obj_article_details h1.page_title,
		.obj_article_details .page_title {
			font-size: 24px;
		}
	}
	
	/* IJBGM - Remove unwanted lines from article keywords */
	
	.obj_article_details .item.keywords,
	.obj_article_details .item.keywords *,
	.obj_article_details .keywords,
	.obj_article_details .keywords * {
		text-decoration: none !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		background-image: none !important;
		outline: none !important;
	}
	
	.obj_article_details .item.keywords a:hover,
	.obj_article_details .keywords a:hover {
		text-decoration: none !important;
		border-bottom: none !important;
	}
	
	
	/* IJBGM Editorial Profile Photo */
	
	.ijbgm-editor-photo {
		width: 150px !important;
		height: 170px !important;
		min-width: 150px;
		max-width: 150px;
		object-fit: cover;
		object-position: center top;
		display: block;
		border-radius: 8px;
		border: 3px solid #ffffff;
		box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
	}
	
	/* Mobile responsive */
	@media (max-width: 600px) {
		.ijbgm-editor-photo {
			width: 125px !important;
			height: 145px !important;
			min-width: 125px;
			max-width: 125px;
		}
	}
	
	



/* IJBGM - Hide default Editorial Team page heading */
body.pkp_page_about h1.page_title,
.pkp_page_about h1.page_title,
.pkp_page_about .pkp_structure_main h1:first-of-type {
    display: none !important;
}